土石堤坝冲刷与防护研究进展
赵恩金,黄修筠,唐 超,杜升涛.土石堤坝冲刷与防护研究进展[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2026,39(3):1-8.DOI:10.20098/j.cnki.1001-5132.2025.1210
ZHAO Enjin,HUANG Xiuyun,TANG Chao,DU Shengtao.Research progress on erosion and protection of earth-rock dikes[J].Journal of Ningbo University(Natural Science & Engineering Edition),2026,39(3):1-8.DOI:10.20098/j.cnki.1001-5132.2025.1210
| Title: | Research progress on erosion and protection of earth-rock dikes |
| 作者: | 赵恩金, 黄修筠, 唐 超, 杜升涛 |
| Author(s): | ZHAO Enjin, HUANG Xiuyun, TANG Chao, DU Shengtao |
| 关键词: | 堤坝; 冲刷; 风险; 防护 |
| Keywords: | dike; erosion; risk; protection |
| 分类号: | TV148 |
| DOI: | 10.20098/j.cnki.1001-5132.2025.1210 |
| 文献标识码: | A |
| 摘要: | 堤坝冲刷是水工建筑物失稳与溃决的主要诱因。本文对土石堤坝及河道堤防在复杂水动力作用下的侵蚀演化规律与致灾机理进行了综述，分析了内部渗透破坏、漫顶剪切流以及局部马蹄形旋涡淘刷等典型冲刷形式的动力学过程。同时，论述了深度学习的物理信息神经网络和多源遥感技术在提升预测精度、实现广域时空监测方面的作用。此外，总结了工程措施从单一刚性防护向生态复合体系演变的趋势，分析了土工合成材料、混凝土增强型人造草皮以及新型消能促淤结构的抗冲性能与生态效益。未来研究可进一步聚焦于多相多场耦合环境下的精细化机理解析，并攻克智能感知传感器在恶劣水工环境下的适应性难题。 |
| Abstract: | Dike erosion is the primary cause leading to the instability and failure of hydraulic structures. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the erosion evolution laws and disaster-causing mechanisms of earth-rock dikes and river levees under complex hydrodynamic forces. It analyzes the dynamic processes of typical erosion forms, such as internal seepage failure, overtopping shear flow, and local horseshoe vortex scouring. Meanwhile, it discusses the roles of physics-informed neural networks based on deep learning and multi-source remote sensing technologies in enhancing prediction accuracy and enabling wide-area spatiotemporal monitoring. Furthermore, it summarizes the evolving trend of engineering measures from single rigid protection to ecological composite systems and analyzes the anti-erosion performance and ecological benefits of geosynthetics, concrete-reinforced artificial turf, and new energy-dissipating and silt-promoting structures. Future research could further focus on the refined mechanistic analysis in multiphase and multifield coupling environments and tackle the adaptability challenges of intelligent sensing sensors under harsh hydraulic engineering conditions. |
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| 备注/Memo: | 收稿日期：2025-12-17 宁波大学学报（理工版）网址：http://journallg.nbu.edu.cn/ 基金项目：湖南省水利科技项目（XSKJ2024064-55） 第一作者：赵恩金，教授，主要研究方向为海洋资源开发与利用等。E-mail: zhaoej@cug.edu.cn *通信作者：杜升涛，博士/讲师，主要研究方向为河流、海岸结构物局部冲刷。E-mail: dushengtao@nbu.edu.cn 宁波大学学报（理工版）网址：http://journallg.nbu.edu.cn/ |
