不同跳绳方式对青少年下肢生物力学特征的影响研究
PDF下载 (252)邵诗蕊.不同跳绳方式对青少年下肢生物力学特征的影响研究[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2023,36(4):89-96.DOI:10.20098/j.cnki.1001-5132.2023.0408
SHAO Shirui.Effects of different rope skipping on the biomechanical characteristics of the adolescents’ lower limbs[J].Journal of Ningbo University(Natural Science & Engineering Edition),2023,36(4):89-96.DOI:10.20098/j.cnki.1001-5132.2023.0408
| Title: | Effects of different rope skipping on the biomechanical characteristics of the adolescents’ lower limbs |
| 作者: | 邵诗蕊 |
| Author(s): | SHAO Shirui |
| 关键词: | 青少年; 跳绳; 运动控制; 下肢生物力学; 运动捕捉 |
| Keywords: | adolescents; rope skipping; motor control; lower limb biomechanics; motion capture |
| 分类号: | G804.66 |
| DOI: | 10.20098/j.cnki.1001-5132.2023.0408 |
| 文献标识码: | A |
| 摘要: | 本研究旨在比较青少年并腿跳和交替跳的下肢生物力学差异, 以提高对于青少年跳绳运动生物力学适应规律的认识. 选取20名具备至少一年跳绳训练经验, 同时能够熟练掌握并腿跳和交替跳技巧的男性青少年作为受试者(年龄(12.50±0.81)岁, 身高(169.30±2.49)cm, 体重(49.70±2.72)kg), 并采用Vicon三维红外运动捕捉系统记录运动轨迹和地面反作用力, 使用Delsys EMG测试系统采集肌电信号, 受试者进行两种跳绳动作的顺序是随机的. 使用配对样本t检验, 对并腿跳和交替跳的下肢运动生物力学差异进行了分析(包括关节角度、关节力矩、地面反作用力以及肌肉信号). 结果表明, 在并腿跳和交替跳过程中, 所选指标都服从正态分布且存在显著差异. 具体而言, 进行交替跳的受试者踝关节背屈角度(P<0.05)、膝关节屈曲角度和内收角度显著大于并腿跳(P<0.05), 而并腿跳的髋关节外展角度显著大于交替跳(P<0.05). 此外, 交替跳的下肢力矩和峰值反作用力显著高于并腿跳(P<0.05), 并腿跳的胫骨前肌和腓肠肌外侧头的肌肉活动度显著高于交替跳(P<0.05), 而髂腰肌和半腱肌的肌肉活动度显著低于交替跳(P<0.05). 相较于交替跳, 并腿跳表现出更好的下肢缓冲策略, 因此对于关节稳定能力较弱的青少年而言, 使用并腿跳可能有助于降低下肢着地负荷和冲击损伤风险. 此外, 研究显示并腿跳主要调动小腿三头肌, 而交替跳则主要调动膝关节屈伸肌群和屈髋肌群, 这一发现为青少年跳绳训练提供了量化的指导依据. |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the biomechanical adaptation rules of rope skipping exercise in young people. The biomechanical differences were compared between lower limbs during Single Rope Skipping (SR) and Alternating Foot Rope Skipping (AR) in adolescents. Adolescents who had at least one year of rope skipping training experience and were proficient in both SR and AR techniques were recruited. The Vicon 3D infrared motion capture system was used to record the lower limb joint motion trajectories during different rope skipping techniques. Paired-sample t-tests were used to analyze the differences in lower limb biomechanical characteristics between SR and AR. The results show that there were significant differences in lower limb joint motion patterns between SR and AR. Specifically, the ankle dorsiflexion angle (P<0.05), knee flexion angle, and adduction angle were significantly greater in AR than those in SR (P<0.05). In contrast, the hip abduction angle was significantly greater in SR than that in AR (P<0.05). In addition, the lower limb moment and peak reaction force in AR were significantly higher than those in SR (P<0.05). The muscle activity of tibialis anterior and peroneus longus lateral head was significantly higher in SR than that in AR (P<0.05). The muscle activity of iliopsoas and semitendinosus was significantly lower in SR than that in AR (P<0.05). Compared with AR, SR showed better lower limb buffering strategies. The usage of SR may help reduce the risk of lower limb landing load and impact injury for adolescents with poor joint stability. In addition, the study showed that SR mainly activates the triceps surae muscle. AR mainly activates the knee extensor muscle group and the hip flexor muscle group, providing a quantitative basis for the training of adolescents in rope skipping exercise. |
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| 备注/Memo: | 收稿日期: 2023－04－11. 宁波大学学报（理工版）网址: http://journallg.nbu.edu.cn/基金项目: 安踏（中国）有限公司资助项目.第一作者: 邵诗蕊（1992－）, 女, 山东滨州人, 讲师, 主要研究方向: 运动人体科学. E-mail: shaoshirui@nbu.edu.cn 宁波大学学报（理工版）网址：http://journallg.nbu.edu.cn/ |
